Throughout the New Testament there is a consistent theme about how the message of God is both seen and heard. Using a parable to illustrate his point, Jesus explained how the soil of the heart is what determines a person’s ability to recognise, receive and, essentially, understand the message of God. In his explanation, he referred to a prophecy from the prophet Isaiah which declared that there would be a group of people who would have eyes but not see and have ears but not hear.
The authors of the Gospels mention this prophecy from Isaiah in their interpretation of why Jesus did the things he did (Jn 12.40) and Jesus himself referred to the prophecy (Mt 13.1-4; Lk 7.22) to explain his ministry. For this reason, the prophecy from Isaiah deserves closer investigation.
Isaiah chapter 6 describes what is referred to as Isaiah’s call to be a prophet to the people of Israel. The very first instruction the Lord gave to Isaiah was to tell the people:
“Be ever hearing, but never understanding; be ever seeing, but never perceiving.’ Make the heart of this people callous; and their ears dull, and blind their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.” (Is 6.9-10).
We talked about possible interpretations and implications for such a prophetic declaration in a recent discussion (see post). The purpose of such a declaration was not so God would keep people from coming to him, rather it was an acknowledgement that their refusal to believe would lead to a further hardening of their hearts. But this prophecy was not creating, forming or announcing a permanent state of being for those it described.
The ministry of Isaiah spanned a number of years and, as he faithfully declared the message of God to the people, his message changed. Toward the end of his life he began to prophecy of God’s coming Servant who would be a “light for the Gentiles, to open eyes that are blind, to free captives from prison and to release from the dungeon those who sit in darkness” (Is 42.7). This was substantial because it not only spoke about opening the eyes of the blind – thereby promising that the symptoms of a hard heart would be reversed through the ministry of God’s servant – but it also spoke of God’s message being made available to those outside the nation of Israel. The remainder of chapter 42, concentrates on God’s restoration of his people. In particular, 42.18-25, make clear that God wants to open the eyes and ears of those who have closed them.
In chapter 43, after instructing the Servant to “lead out those who have eyes but are blind and have ears but can’t hear” (43.8), God says something that will (hopefully) sound familiar. “You are my witnesses and my servant whom I have chosen, so that you may know and believe me and understand that I am he” (43.10).
Did you hear it?! This is the phrase Jesus used in John 10.38 when he said, “Even if you don’t believe me, believe the miracles so you may learn and understand that I am one with the father [ie. I am he].” Jesus was declaring the prophetic statement about himself in hopes those who had eyes to see would actually see it – even if they hadn’t heard it.
But, equally substantial, and exciting to me, is that Isaiah introduced the description of how we go through a process of understanding. Namely, that we come to know (learn) from a posture of belief which enables us to understand who he is.
These two passages are the only Scripture references I have found in which this phrase is used. The significance of this singular reference is that Jesus fully intended his statement to be directly linked to Isaiah’s prophetic declaration – it was not a casual reference.
Biblical scholars, when they translate and interpret the Scriptures use a principle they call the Law of First Mention. Basically, this means when a word or phrase is used for the first time, the meaning or intent of that word is largely defined by the context of its first use. All subsequent uses of the word or phrase are reliant upon the meaning derived by the initial use. The repeated uses will often add depth or enhance the original meaning, but they will not fundamentally change the meaning from the first mention.
Based on this law of first mention, the process of believing so we learn and understand derives a significant meaning and purpose from the context of the Isaiah passage.
Within the context of Isaiah, we learn that although God had allowed people’s hearts to become hard so they had eyes but could not see and ears but could not hear, his intention was to send his witnesses who would lead these people out of the condition of their own making. In doing so, the witnesses, as well as the people, will all grow in belief, learning and understanding of who God is.
This will be the focus of our next discussion.